Publisher's Synopsis
Excerpt from The Plant World, Vol. 9
The shape of the leaf-scars is variable, but varies within fairly well defined limits, so that certain general forms are characteristic of species and often of genera. The catalpa has nearly circular leaf-scars. In the elms. Basswood, and in fact most of the 2 ranked genera, the scars are oval or semi-elliptical. The walnuts and hickories have them heart or shield-shaped. Sometimes the scar becomes narrow and crescent - shaped or U or V - shaped as in the maples and sycamore. The plums bear oval leaf - scars, while those of the apple are U - shaped.
The vascular bundles which pass from the stem to the leaf are usually aggregated into definite groups which in the leaf - scar present scars or dots called bundle - scars. The arrangement of these is a character to be noted.
In plants possessing well-marked stipules these organs leave a scar on the twig at each side of the leaf - scar. Certain genera are characterized by the stipule - scar encircling the twig. Among our trees mav be mentioned the magnolias and their relative, the tulip tree; and the sycamore. The bud scales, being modified stipules, are in pairs encircling the bud. As the bud expands, the scales fall off and leave these scars. The genus Ficus and some other exotics also have encircling stipule - scars. Occasionally the stipules are transformed into spines as in the black locust and some other woody Leguminosae. In prickly ash similar spines occur in pairs at the nodes but they are not transformed stipules. Prickles mav be aggregated at the nodes to simulate stipules as the triple prickles of certain gooseberries.
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