The Historical Development of Japanese Tone From Proto-Japanese to the Modern Dialects. The Introduction and Adaptation of the Middle Chinese Tones in Japan

The reconstruction of the historical development of the modern Japanese tone systems is one of the major issues in Japanese historical linguistics. The prevalent theory (Kindaichi 1951), which regards the Kyoto type tone system of central Japan as most archaic fails to explain the modern dialect data. In 1979 R.S. Ramsey proposed an alternative theory, which regards the peripheral Tokyo type dialects as archaic. Even though this theory offered a convincing explanation to many problems that remained unsolved in the prevalent theory, it failed to find acceptance. Part I of Elisabeth de Boer's study shows how data from a host of Japanese dialects - from the north-eastern tip of Japan to the Ryukyu archipelago in the south-west - offer additional proof for Ramsey's theory. The appendix deals with evidence from Japanese loanwords in Ainu. Part II states that - contrary to what has often been thought - Ramsey's theory is not in contradiction with the philological data. The appendix deals with the interpretation of Buddhist chant as a source of historical information on the Japanese tone.