Publisher's Synopsis
1947 is considered by most historians of the United States as the year when the Cold War began with the implementation of the "Truman Doctrine" to contain the propagation of world Communism, which give rise to the anti-communist hysteria of the following years known as the Second Red Scare of the 50's. The U.S. Government Secret Program to spy on Chinese American Scientists has its origins in the 1950s Red Scare, when the FBI investigated Chinese-born rocket scientist Tsien Hsue-Shen (later known as Qian Xuesen) for being a suspected member of the U.S. Communist Party. Tsien was a talented researcher at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, where he worked on classified government projects and helped found Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In 1950, the year after Mao rose to power in China, FBI agents questioned Tsien, and the U.S. military revoked his security clearance. Recent research suggests that for a while, Tsien was a party member, but that he showed little interest in aiding China. That changed when the FBI began scrutinizing his loyalty, making it impossible for him to do serious work in the United States. The FBI and the US Newspapers, at the time, portrayed him as an "evil genius"-an American-made Dr. Frankenstein who deliberately stole U.S. technologies for China's missile development program.In 1949, Tsien applied for naturalization, but there was no possibility, In 1950, allegations were made that he was a communist, and his security clearance was revoked in June 1950. The Federal Bureau of Investigation located an American Communist Party document from 1938 with his name on it, and used it as justification for this revocation. The loss of China to communism triggered the second Red Scare in the United States, and Washington accused Tsien of being a member of Pasadena's Communist Party. Party meetings were held at the Caltech scientist Sidney Weinbaum's residence, the FBI said Tsien, had indeed attended these meetings, but Tsien thought of them merely as social gatherings, and denied being a party member. Without clearance, Tsien found himself unable to pursue his career, and within two weeks announced plans to return to mainland China, which had come under the government of Communist leader Mao Zedong. After Qian's plans became known, the U.S. Government detained him at Terminal Island, an isolated U.S. Navy facility and federal prison near the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. Tsien became the subject of five years of secret diplomacy and negotiation between the U.S. and China. During this time he lived under constant surveillance with the permission to teach without any research (classified) duties. His life was in limbo until 1955, when, after Chinese diplomats urged his release in Geneva. He left the United States in September 1955 on the American President Lines passenger liner SS President Cleveland, arriving in China via Hong Kong. He never returned to the US. When Tsien arrived to China, scientific research were based on Soviet principles. He helped to replaced these with American ones . Tsien's influence was insignificant, but a pivotal step for the development of China's Space Program. Tsien influence was favored by China's split with the Soviet Union, which led to U.S. President Richard Nixon's eventual handshake with Mao in 1972. This title is an authentic reproduction of the original Tsien's FBI File, and other articles related to him printed text in shades of gray. IMPORTANT, despite the fact that we have attempted to accurately maintain the integrity of the original work, the present reproduction has missing and blurred pages, poor pictures and FBI censorship's pencil markings from the original scanned copy.This edition has the following parts: INTRODUCTION with Photos, and Newspaper articles; Tsien's FBI Files For the Years: 1953-1974. Copy and paste the link for our books: _____ https: //saucerianbooks.blogspot.com/____________________
