Publisher's Synopsis
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1902 edition. Excerpt: ... III. Classification of Dye-Stuffs; Methods of Dyeing.1 Since in this chapter we are solely concerned with the application of the dye-stuffs in the processes of dyeing and printing, the sole principle of classification we can adopt is based on the method of dyeing necessary to bring them on the fibre. The different classes of dyes, therefore, may be set down as follows: -- 1. Acid dye-stuffs. 2. Basic or tannin dyes. 3. Dye-salts or substantive cotton dyes. 4. Mordant dyes. 5. Vat dyes. 6. Developing dyes. 7. Albumin dyes. 1. Application of Acid Dye-Stuffs. The acid dyes are mostly sodium salts of sulpho-acids, and this class comprises the different marks of tropeoline, ponceau, Bordeaux, scarlet, fast red, chromotrope, black azo dyes (such as naphthol black), acid violet, acid green, several aniline blues, patent blue, several fast blues or indulines, tartrazine, quinoline yellow, azocarmine, indigo-carmine, etc., as well as such dyes as owe their acid character to the presence of nitro and hydroxyl groups--the nitro dyes and eosines. Dyes of this class are more frequently used than any others for dyeing wool and silk, but are not well adapted for dyeing cottons. Application to Wool.--The dyeing is effected in presence of acids or acid salts, viz. sulphuric acid, sodium bisulphate--mostly known as tartar preparation--Glauber salt (sodium sulphate), alum, acetic acid, ammonium acetate, or ammonium oxalate. The object of these acid adjuncts is to neutralise the calcium bicarbonate in the dye water, liberate the dye acid, and finally to diminish the solubility of this latter in water, thus facilitating its absorption by the fibre and helping the bath to "draw." The stronger the acid the better and more quickly is the dye absorbed by the...
