Publisher's Synopsis
Chemical Imaging combines molecular spectroscopy and digital imaging, and has been demonstrated for rapid, non-contact optical sensing of chemical agents and hazardous materials, including chemical warfare agents (CWAs), toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) and toxic industrial materials (TIMs). Chemical imaging that combines Raman hyperspectral imaging, short wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging and/or fluorescence hyperspectral imaging is suitable for the detection of trace levels of chemical agents in the presence of complex environmental backgrounds without the use of amplification or enhancement techniques. Chemical imaging shares the fundamentals of vibrational spectroscopic techniques, but provides additional information by way of the simultaneous acquisition of spatially resolved spectra. It combines the advantages of digital imaging with the attributes of spectroscopic measurements. Briefly, vibrational spectroscopy measures the interaction of light with matter. Photons that interact with a sample are either absorbed or scattered; photons of specific energy are absorbed, and the pattern of absorption provides information, or a fingerprint, on the molecules that are present in the sample. Structural and Chemical Imaging- Emerging Trends provides a dedicated platform for knowledge sharing among scientists using these imaging and analysis techniques but who may be unaware of important developments in complementary sub-fields. Coverage includes the emerging area of dynamic imaging at various orders of magnitude in spatial and temporal resolution from microns to angstroms and from milliseconds to femtoseconds. The characteristics and roles of various forms of biological matter, including tissues or its fragments, cells, organelles, granules, crystals, isolated structures, molecules, and even functionalized particles, depend on the material's chemical composition. The identification and definition of the spatial distribution of the elements in biological matter will extend our understanding of its functions. Analytical approaches and chemical imaging techniques are powerful methods that can characterize elements and allow mapping on the nanometric-micrometric spatial scale. Now, it is possible to determine the spatial distribution of chemical elements, even at low concentrations. Not only have recent improvements in sample preparation methods made chemical imaging precise enough for the study of biological samples, but improvements in modern hardware and software have also allowed the determination of the 3D distribution of elements in a sample. Consequently, chemical imaging approaches are now being used to address several biological questions. In this book, we will present several methods for chemical mapping suitable for biological samples, point out the technical challenges and advantages of each method, and put the procedures into perspective for integrative and correlative possibilities. A thorough knowledge of the requirements of the biological specimen and a clear definition of the experimental goals are required when analyzing samples of living biological material. Chemical Imaging combines molecular spectroscopy and digital imaging, and has been demonstrated for rapid, non-contact optical sensing of chemical agents and hazardous materials, including chemical warfare agents (CWAs), toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) and toxic industrial materials (TIMs). Chemical imaging that combines Raman hyperspectral imaging, short wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging and/or fluorescence hyperspectral imaging is suitable for the detection of trace levels of chemical agents in the presence of complex environmental backgrounds without the use of amplification or enhancement techniques. Chemical imaging shares the fundamentals of vibrational spectroscopic techniques, but provides additional information by way of the simultaneous acquisition of spatially resolved spectra. It combines the advantages of digital imaging with the attributes of spectroscopic measurements. Briefly, vibrational spectroscopy measures the interaction of light with matter. Photons that interact with a sample are either absorbed or scattered; photons of specific energy are absorbed, and the pattern of absorption provides information, or a fingerprint, on the molecules that are present in the sample. Structural and Chemical Imaging- Emerging Trends provides a dedicated platform for knowledge sharing among scientists using these imaging and analysis techniques but who may be unaware of important developments in complementary sub-fields. Coverage includes the emerging area of dynamic imaging at various orders of magnitude in spatial and temporal resolution from microns to angstroms and from milliseconds to femtoseconds. The characteristics and roles of various forms of biological matter, including tissues or its fragments, cells, organelles, granules, crystals, isolated structures, molecules, and even functionalized particles, depend on the material's chemical composition. The identification and definition of the spatial distribution of the elements in biological matter will extend our understanding of its functions. Analytical approaches and chemical imaging techniques are powerful methods that can characterize elements and allow mapping on the nanometric-micrometric spatial scale. Now, it is possible to determine the spatial distribution of chemical elements, even at low concentrations. Not only have recent improvements in sample preparation methods made chemical imaging precise enough for the study of biological samples, but improvements in modern hardware and software have also allowed the determination of the 3D distribution of elements in a sample. Consequently, chemical imaging approaches are now being used to address several biological questions. In this book, we will present several methods for chemical mapping suitable for biological samples, point out the technical challenges and advantages of each method, and put the procedures into perspective for integrative and correlative possibilities. A thorough knowledge of the requirements of the biological specimen and a clear definition of the experimental goals are required when analyzing samples of living biological material. Chemical Imaging combines molecular spectroscopy and digital imaging, and has been demonstrated for rapid, non-contact optical sensing of chemical agents and hazardous materials, including chemical warfare agents (CWAs), toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) and toxic industrial materials (TIMs). Chemical imaging that combines Raman hyperspectral imaging, short wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging and/or fluorescence hyperspectral imaging is suitable for the detection of trace levels of chemical agents in the presence of complex environmental backgrounds without the use of amplification or enhancement techniques. Chemical imaging shares the fundamentals of vibrational spectroscopic techniques, but provides additional information by way of the simultaneous acquisition of spatially resolved spectra. It combines the advantages of digital imaging with the attributes of spectroscopic measurements. Briefly, vibrational spectroscopy measures the interaction of light with matter. Photons that interact with a sample are either absorbed or scattered; photons of specific energy are absorbed, and the pattern of absorption provides information, or a fingerprint, on the molecules that are present in the sample. Structural and Chemical Imaging- Emerging Trends provides a dedicated platform for knowledge sharing among scientists using these imaging and analysis techniques but who may be unaware of important developments in complementary sub-fields. Coverage includes the emerging area of dynamic imaging at various orders of magnitude in spatial and temporal resolution from microns to angstroms and from milliseconds to femtoseconds. The characteristics and roles of various forms of biological matter, including tissues or its fragments, cells, organelles, granules, crystals, isolated structures, molecules, and even functionalized particles, depend on the material's chemical composition. The identification and definition of the spatial distribution of the elements in biological matter will extend our understanding of its functions. Analytical approaches and chemical imaging techniques are powerful methods that can characterize elements and allow mapping on the nanometric-micrometric spatial scale. Now, it is possible to determine the spatial distribution of chemical elements, even at low concentrations. Not only have recent improvements in sample preparation methods made chemical imaging precise enough for the study of biological samples, but improvements in modern hardware and software have also allowed the determination of the 3D distribution of elements in a sample. Consequently, chemical imaging approaches are now being used to address several biological questions. In this book, we will present several methods for chemical mapping suitable for biological samples, point out the technical challenges and advantages of each method, and put the procedures into perspective for integrative and correlative possibilities. A thorough knowledge of the requirements of the biological specimen and a clear definition of the experimental goals are required when analyzing samples of living biological material. Chemical Imaging combines molecular spectroscopy and digital imaging, and has been demonstrated for rapid, non-contact optical sensing of chemical agents and hazardous materials, including chemical warfare agents (CWAs), toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) and toxic industrial materials (TIMs). Chemical imaging that combines Raman hyperspectral imaging, short wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging and/or fluorescence hyperspectral imaging is suitable for the detection of trace levels of chemical agents in the presence of complex environmental backgrounds without the use o
