Publisher's Synopsis
Excerpt from Standard Lettering
In correct usage the upper parts of the figures 8 and 3, also of the letters Z, B, H, and S are made smaller than the lower parts. The reason for this is demonstrated in figures I and 2.
In figure I the upper and lower parts are made mechanically equal. In figure 2 the upper parts are smaller. We accept the characters of figure 2 as the correct forms because in figure I they appear top heavy. We must adapt the proportions to a pleasing appearance and not to mechanical exactness.
An important factor which must be dealt with in lettering is that the human eye is not always a true discerner. A few simple well-known diagrams in addition to those of figures I and 2 W111 illus trate this point. See figure 3.
Lines aa, bb, and CC are absolutely straight lines. Lines 1 and 2 are parallel with each other as also are lines 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Circle M is of the same diameter as square N.
These statements appear false to the eye; but they are easily proved true by test. This principle of optical illusion' has been a great factor in the determination of the rules of lettering and in the spacing apart of letters 1n words.
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