Publisher's Synopsis
Excerpt from Properties of Steam and Ammonia
A table of the thermal properties of a vapor should possess two characteristics, consistency and accuracy. A table is thermodynami cally consistent when the tabular values are Obtained from equations that are properly connected by the necessary thermodynamic relations, such as the Clausius and Clapeyron relations; it may be considered accurate if the calculated values show satisfactory agreement with trustworthy experimental data.
The older tables of the properties of steam were neither consistent nor accurate. The tabular values were calculated from empirical formu las based chie?y on Regnault's data, and the necessity of consistency was not, recognized. Two sets of tables have been based on the general theory developed by Callendar. These are absolutely consistent, but in the light of the knowledge acquired from the Munich experiments, they can no longer be regarded as accurate. In certain tables that have appeared recently have been embodied the results of the Munich experi ments and also the researches of Dr. Davis on the total heat of steam. These tables are undoubtedly far more accurate than the earlier tables, but, having a more or less empirical basis, they: are not rigorously con sistent.
The tables of the properties of saturated and superheated steam here presented are based on a new formulation the essential features of which are discussed in the first section of the book. A more complete exposi tion will be found in Bulletin No. 75, Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois. The new theory correlates perfectly the experi ments on the volume and specific heat of superheated steam; it gives values of the heat content of saturated steam that agree with those deduced by Davis from the throttling experiments; and, in general, it meets satisfactorily all the tests furnished by the available experimental evidence. The tables derived from the formulation are necessarily con sistent, and they are at the same time extremely accurate.
The tables of the properties of ammonia are based on a formulation worked out by Mr. W. E. Mosher and the author. (bulletin No. 66, Eng'g Exper. Station, Univ. Of Ill.) Since, in the case of ammonia, the experimental evidence is far from complete, the formulation is re garded as only tentative, and the tables will perhaps require revision as further experiments are made.
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