Publisher's Synopsis
The object of this book is to present a radical novel conception of the ontological categories, their nature and epistemic importance, and on the relations that determine them. The observations and arguments presented in it constitute a strong case against established and well-rooted tenets, if not paradigms, in contemporary philosophy, primarily, in ontology and epistemology, but not exclusively to these. Departing from the novelty of considering distinctions to be the subject matter of thought and language -that is, of reference and meaning- it is shown that there are certain ontological relations and categories that cannot be, in any manner, denied to constitute true and incorrigible knowledge of reality. In other words, that the concepts referring to them stand for aspects of mind independent reality of a non-sensable nature, which are essential elements that the mind must contribute with to the sensation for construction of true factual distinctions with it. That is of structural elements of objective reality, which are of a non-sensable nature and cannot be inferred from experience without them being available to the mind, for their distinction. Following this, the author posits that they determine (or vice versa?) the primary premises of judgment and constitute as do causality and class membership, our ultimate explanatory resources, and, thus, the fundaments of logic and mathematics (based on any property or the property of extension of entities considered as pluralities). Moreover, language is shown to be structured according to them. Though these concepts enable to bridge the gap between the mind and the world, for they force to judge reality as being structured according to them, they set a limit to our possible knowledge of the world. This forces to presuppose the existence of higher or hyper-orders of reality of a para-logical nature.At the end, Mr. Gálvez addresses and emphasizes some of the main conclusions that entail from these conclusions. By the way, the author also observes that philosophy has a main role to pursue among the sciences, as the discipline that studies the epistemic content or information about the world, in these and other a priori proper concepts with which the mind makes cognition possible.This is not a study of what there is, but of our cognitive faculties. Of what they enable to distinguish and their limitation forces to presuppose regarding our cognitive potential and the world in in-itself, such as the logical need of a condition of all para-logical reality, which ultimately be of a non-relational nature.
