Nuclear Physics The Core of Matter and the Fuel of Stars

The light emitted by the stars is a direct result of the nuclear reactions that naturally occur when massive clouds of gas collapse and heat, whether it be the constant shine of our Sun, or the newly observed flares of gamma-ray bursters. Nuclear physics plays a fundamental role in astrophysics. Vast amounts of energy in the Universe are produced in nuclear reactions. For example, understanding the burning of stars, the dynamics of nucleosynthesis and the structure of neutron stars all require detailed knowledge of nuclear properties. The precise masses of atomic nuclei, their half-lifes, and key nuclear reaction rates as well as the equation of state of nuclear matter are all important ingredients in stellar models. Nuclear Physics: The Core of Matter and The Fuel of Stars presents comprehensive coverage in understanding nuclear structure and symmetries, the behavior of matter at extreme densities, the role of nuclear physics in astrophysics and cosmology, and the instrumentation and facilities used by the field. It makes recommendations on the resources needed for experimental and theoretical advances in the coming decade. This volume brings together innovative research and reviews on the compact stars, such as white dwarfs and neutron stars. In addition description of dark matter and dark energy and the connection to the cosmical constant, proposed by Einstein, will be given.