Publisher's Synopsis
Machine IntelligenceYou can think of deep learning, machine learning and artificial intelligence as a set of Russian dolls nested within each other, beginning with the smallest and working out. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning, and machine learning is a subset of AI, which is an umbrella term for any computer program that does something smart. In other words, all machine learning is AI, but not all AI is machine learning, and so forth.Here are a few other definitions of artificial intelligence: - A branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers.- The capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior. - A computer system able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages.There are a lot of ways to simulate human intelligence, and some methods are more intelligent than others.AI can be a pile of if-then statements, or a complex statistical model mapping raw sensory data to symbolic categories. The if-then statements are simply rules explicitly programmed by a human hand. Taken together, these if-then statements are sometimes called rules engines, expert systems, knowledge graphs or symbolic AI. Collectively, these are known as Good, Old-Fashioned AI (GOFAI).The intelligence that rules engines mimic could be that of an accountant with knowledge of the tax code, who takes information you feed it, runs the information through a set of static rules, and gives your the amount of taxes you owe as a result. In the US, we call that TurboTax.Usually, when a computer program designed by AI researchers actually succeeds at something - like winning at chess - many people say it's "not really intelligent", because the algorithm's internals are well understood. The critics think intelligence must be something intangible, and exclusively human. A wag would say that true AI is whatever computers can't do yet.Machine Learning: Programs That Alter ThemselvesMachine learning is a subset of AI. That is, all machine learning counts as AI, but not all AI counts as machine learning. For example, symbolic logic - rules engines, expert systems and knowledge graphs - could all be described as AI, and none of them are machine learning.
