Publisher's Synopsis
Encyclopaedia of Insecticides Resistance covers integrated pest management, alternative insect control strat- egies, ecological impact of insecticides as well as pesticides and drugs of forensic interest. It explores about the impact, environmental fate, modes of action, efficacy, and non-target effects of insecticides. This book will be of helpful and not only to students and researchers, but also to the food-producing indus- try, governments, politicians and consumers as well. Tree injection was also used for treatment of other tree pathogens, insects, and physiological disorders (i.e., interveinal chlorosis) in the EU. Interest in tree injection technologies in the US has also increased, with the introduction of several tree killing insects such as hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) and emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis). In addition to new injection technology, formulations are being designed for injecting into trees that improve plant safety and reduce application time. Today, tree injection is an alternative method of chemical application with certain advantages: efficient use of chemi- cals, reduced potential environmental exposure, and useful when soil and foliar applications are either ineffective or difficult to apply. Concurrently, societal concerns about pesticide presence in our food and environment have resulted in political and economic pressures to reduce chemical pesticide use, or at a minimum, emphasize the development and use of products that are less toxic and more environmentally safe. These concerns drive the discovery and development of alternatives to chemical control of plant pathogens, weeds, and insect pests.
