Publisher's Synopsis
The environmental pollution and energy crisis forecast a scarcity of fuel, rising global temperatures, and the defeat of biodiversity. The exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves and rapidly rising global warming has heightened public awareness of the necessity to stage out the fossil fuel industry. Consequently, the rapid increase in energy production from renewable sources has compelled the development of new generation energy storage systems because renewable sources cannot produce energy on demand. Renewable resources are virtually infinite in terms of duration, but they are limited in terms of energy available per unit of time, such as solar cells, wind turbines, solar thermal collectors, and geothermal power, they are promising sources of energy with a lesser carbon footprint. As a result, energy storage devices are critical for maximizing the use of renewable energy and to eliminate the carbon foot print from the environment. Moreover, the energy storage device is inevitable for the future of e-Vehicles, consumer electronics and the transmission and distribution of electricity.
Energy storage is essential to the energy security of today's energy networks. Most of the energies are stored in the form of raw or refined hydrocarbons, whether in the form of coal heaps or oil and gas reserves. These energy sources are creating more environmental and degradation due to their emissions of greenhouse gases and heat. The only exception is a pumped hydroelectric plant, which can provide a large amount of energy in a short period of time while also improving electric system reliability. The purpose and form of energy storage are likely to change significantly as energy systems evolve to use low-carbon technology. Perhaps two broad trends will drive this change. Initially, with the intermittent nuclear power and static production playing an important role in supplying electricity and it became difficult to match with demand, while imbalances will grow and dominate over the time. Moving away from fossil fuel production means that, with the exception of flexible gas generation, most power sources can no longer be stored as hydrocarbons. Likewise, if low-carbon emission electrical supply replaces the oil and gas for domestic and industrial power needs, the structure of electricity demand will change dramatically.
