Publisher's Synopsis
This book is derived from chapter 5.2 from my book `Dredging Technology Book 1`In order to keep track of things all section and formula numbers are kept the same and start with number 5.One of the main problems in the scientific field of Pipeline Transport Theory is the lack of know how regarding the transport processes in large scale Pipelines. Most of the research is done in small pipeline circuits that also have problems with increasing temperature while running the tests in a closed circuit. Off course do all Large Dredging Contractors have their own researched formulas for Pipeline Resistance in their computers and keep them secret! Therefore there is general lack of litterature on the subject. One exception may be is the work of professor Kazansky in Germany Hannover who did tests on a large scale pump circuit donated to him by the Dredging Industry. He ran a lot of tests and compared the results with the well known formulas from Durand-Gibert, Juffin-Lopatin and Fuhrboter in large graphs. This book gives a comprehensive review of these graphs. The book starts with a qualitative description of the soil-water mixture flow through a pipeline. The pressure-flow characteristic of a pipeline is explained and the influence of the grain properties such as the fall velocity. The book explains 3 concentration definitions: Volumetric -, Transport - and the Apparent-concentration. The Apparent concentration is based on the volume of solids including the pores, in fact on the volume of sand as it will settle in the dump area. This is a very useful concentration for contractors since it shows the volume they get paid for! The effect of the viscosity of the fluid and the nature of the soil is discussed. Depending on transport velocity there can be homogeneous mixtures with turbulent or laminar flow. Examples are given such as Newtonian or Bingham fluids. Also heterogeneous mixtures with turbulent flow are described and explained in this book. A special item is covered being the effect of the fine fraction on the pipeline resistance. With a lot of fines the resistance is lower, this can be important when production is lower than foreseen because of a lack of fines! The lack of fines could not be anticipated based on the project Tender documents. In that case this could be a reason for a claim. Finally the book ends with explaining the two layer model for pipeline resistance by Wilson and the expansion of this theory by Matousek in his thesis in 1997 at Delft University.
