Publisher's Synopsis
"Russia is home to an estimated 4 to 9 million migrant workers, over 40 percent of whom work in the construction industry. Large numbers of Russia's migrant construction workers, who overwhelmingly come from other countries of the former Soviet Union in search of steady work and decent wages, suffer abuses ranging from non-payment of wages, excessively long working hours, physical and psychological abuse, and unsafe working conditions. In the worst cases, migrant workers have been trafficked from their home countries into forced labor in Russia. Employers routinely refuse to provide migrant workers with written employment contracts, as required under Russian law, making workers especially vulnerable to wage violations and other abuses and limiting their ability to access official avenues of redress. Many migrant workers also suffer abuse at the hands of police and other officials. Police regularly target ethnic minorities, including mig
