Publisher's Synopsis
Excerpt from A Laboratory Manual for Work in General Science
Laboratory work and the experiences of home and school furnish an important basis for the course in general science. The following outlines for experiments and demonstrations have been developed so as to include the exercises which have proved most valuable for use in the first year of the high school. The outlines are the result of the cooperative work of several high-school teachers through a period of years, and have been tried with more than a thousand pupils. Experiments other than those here included have been tried, but through constant trial, elimination, and addition the work has assumed its present form.
It is the purpose of the outlines to direct the pupils into the habit of finding out about many kinds of common problems in science. To do this in the best way common materials are used for experi mentation, since common and simple phenomena are likely to be more educative for young pupils than those which are uncommon and complex. The materials needed are listed in connection with each exercise. It is hoped that teachers will encourage pupils to use their own initiative in devising new ways to perform the experiments, as well as in working out additional problems which are sure to be suggested in the discussion of the experiments here outlined. At the close of the directions for work, one or more additional problems are suggested, and the use of these as topics for discussion will make the work more valuable.
The exercises have been planned so that each one requires a shorter period of continuous atten tion than is usually true in the more advanced laboratory work in high-school science. Experience has shown that first-year pupils work more effectively when the units of work assigned are relatively short and definite. This plan results in a larger number of exercises than would be used in a more advanced course inscience. In many cases, however, two or more exercises may be performed in a single laboratory period.
Supplementary or alternative experiments, which sometimes require more complex apparatus, are often given. These supplementary experiments are indicated by the same arabic number as the preceding experiment, but with a letter added. Thus 22a is an experiment which may be used in addition to or instead of Exercise 22.
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