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(3JeKqd(B (3gPg(B (3GdeNJGQGJ(B (3Gٔhd(B (3XghQ(B (3dOGjٔQI(B (3GdeYGQa(B (3GdGٕSdGejI(B (3HGddZI(B (3GdYQHjI.(B (3hOGjٔQI(B (3GdeYGQa(B (3GdGٕSdGejI(B (3ef(B (3Gٔgeq(B (3GdGٔYeGd(B (3GdehShYjqI(B (3hGٔQSNgG(B (3bOeG(B (3aj(B (3cGaI(B (3eLGdGJ(B (3GdOQGSGJ(B (3GdGٕSdGejI(B (3aj(B (3LejY(B (3GٔfMGA(B (3GdYGde,(B (3hgj(B (3YUGQI(B (3LghO(B (3LHqGQI,(B (3JhGUdJ(B (3GٔcKQ(B (3ef(B (3eGjٔI(B (3YGe;(B (3TGQc(B (3ajgG(B (3GٔSGWjf(B (3GdOQGSGJ(B (3GdGٕSdGejqI(B (3hGdeTQbjqI(B (3ef(B (3LejY(B (3GٔfMGA(B (3GdYGde.(B (3JQLe(B (3eYgO(B (3JhfS(B (3ddJQLeI(B (3gPg(B (3GdeNJGQGJ(B (3Gٕdi(B (3GddZI(B (3GdYQHjqI(B (3MJqi(B (3JQaO(B (3GdfSN(B (3GdGٔeq(B (3HGddZGJ(B (3GdGٕfLdjRjqI(B (3hGdaQfSjqI(B (3hGdGٔdeGfjqI.(B (3JVeq(B (3eG(B (3jRjO(B (3Yf(B (3eGjٔJj(B (3ebGd(B (3QjٔjSjq(B (3aj(B (3ehGVjY(B (3ef(B (3GdMVGQI(B (3GdGٕSdGejqI,(B (3HLejY(B (3ebhqeGJgG(B (3GdJGQjNjqI(B (3hGdKbGajqI(B (3hGdOjfjqI,(B (3KdKGgG(B (3Jeq(B (3GUWaGhٔgeG(B (3ef(B (3GdGٕUOGQ(B (3GdKGfj(B (3dOGjٔQI(B (3GdeYGQa(B (3GdGٕSdGejqI,(B (3hKdKgG(B (3GdGٓNQ(B (3ef(B (3GdGٕUOGQ(B (3GdKGdK.(B (3hLejYgG(B (3ebGdGJ(B (3YdejI(B (3eMcqeI,(B (3haqQJ,(B (3dKdGKI(B (3GٔLjGd(B (3eJJGdjI(B (3Gٔh(B (3GٔQHYI,(B (3GٔOGI(B (3ddOGQSjf(B (3GdGٔcGOjejjf(B (3hdHQGYe(B (3GdHGMKjf(B (3hcGfJ(B (3dge(B (3HeKGHI(B (3eOQSI(B (3MGVfI(B (3aj(B (3GdHMK,(B (3JejqRJ(B (3HUQGeI(B (3GdefgL(B (3hZRGQI(B (3GdeYdheGJ(B (3hObqJgG(B (3hHGdehVhYjqI(B (3hGdMjGO.(B (3hgj(B (3NUGd(B (3JLYd(B (3ef(B (3OGjٔQI(B (3GdeYGQa(B (3GdGٕSdGejqI(B (3SfOG(B (3eJjfG(B (3ddHGMK(B (3GdGٔcGOjejq(B (3aj(B (3GdMVGQI(B (3GdGٕSdGejqI,(B (3hQhVI(B (3ddbGQjٔ(B (3GdWdYI,(B (3heYjfG(B (3dG(B (3jfVH(B (3ef(B (3GdfUhU(B (3GdSGfOI(B (3ddeYdqe(B (3hGdeJYdqe.(B (3JVeq(B (3gPg(B (3GdJQLeI(B (3GٔQHYI(B (3eLdqOGJ,(B (3hgj(B (3KeQI(B (3JYGhf(B (3Hjf(B (3ehٔSqSI(B (3HQjd(B (3GdedcjqI(B (3ddfTQ(B (3heYgO(B (3JhfS(B (3ddJQLeI.(B Da?irat al-Ma?arif al-Islamiyya: Mukhtarat is the first official translation of the Encyclopaedia of Islam in Arabic. The Encyclopaedia of Islam is the globally respected and preeminent reference work in the field of Islamic Studies. It is the result of an academic enterprise that has been ongoing for over a century now. It brings together the efforts of the most important scholars in the field of Islamic Studies from all over the world. This version forms a welcome addition to the earlier versions of this important work in English, French, and German. This anthology contains more than two hundred scholarly articles on a variety of topics connected Islam and Muslims, including religious, historical, and cultural matters. Two-thirds of the articles in this anthology originate from the Second Edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam, one third stems from the Third Edition. It is a valuable tool for academic researchers and general readers alike. The articles can also be used as high quality teaching material. This translation is the result of a collaboration between Brill and the Tunis Institute for Translation, and is published in four volumes.
